Ingredients and their effects:

AMINO ACIDS
Amino acids are important building blocks of proteins. Proteins are substances that contain C-carbon (51–55%), O-oxygen (21.5–23.5%), H-hydrogen (6.5–7.3%), N-nitrogen (15.5–18%) and small amounts of sulfur (0.1–0.5%) and/or P-phosphorus (0.1 to 1.5%). Some proteins may also contain traces of Fe-iron, Cu-copper or Zn-zinc. They are the essential components of all cells. In addition to their plastic function, they exhibit catalytic properties (enzyme components) and regulate the chemical reactions that take place in the cell. From a nutritional point of view, they contribute to the structure of the organism and to the provision of material for production (milk, eggs, fur, etc.) to a greater extent than other food elements. Therefore, animals require an adequate supply of protein through their diet. The hydrolysis of proteins yields the basic units of proteins: amino acids. There are numerous known amino acids, but there are essentially 20 that become part of the protein composition. The complex protein molecules present in the tissues and circulating fluids of plants and animals all consist of a very high number of one or more amino groups. The approximately 20 amino acids found in nature can, when combined, produce a very large number of proteins, each with its own properties. Of these amino acids, which can make up a wide variety of proteins, about 13 (non-essential or biosynthesized amino acids) can be synthesized by the animal organism. The other 10-12 (essential or abiosynthetic) must be administered to them because they cannot be synthesized directly by the body.

L-carnitine
is an important component for animal health. Its fundamental function is to transport essential fatty acids from the cellular cytosol to the mitochondria for breakdown (beta-oxidation) and the generation of energy in the form of ATP molecules. This energy is necessary for normal daily activities. Therefore, in connection with its role in the energy metabolism of fatty acids, L-carnitine can also play an important role in sperm motility. It also has a protective function for the joints and intervenes in normal cardiac function. In particular, L-carnitine can support male reproduction and have a positive effect on sperm count, concentration, motility, and integrity. Sperm require a lot of energy to perform their functions, which is provided in part by long-chain fatty acids. Therefore, low availability of L-carnitine can be a limiting factor in the sperm's ability to generate energy.

L-ARGININE
is an amino acid precursor of nitric oxide (NO), which is produced by all tissues of the body and performs fundamental functions of the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Arginine (*1), in particular, is a source of nitric oxide, which is beneficial for the process of capacitation (the ability to fertilize) and the acrosome reaction (changes in the sperm head that allow it to penetrate and fertilize the egg). Therefore, L-arginine supplementation may be beneficial for supporting reproduction. Arginine contributes to maintaining excellent sperm motility, which requires the presence of putrescine, spermicidal, and spermine, three polyamides in whose production arginine plays an essential role. A very interesting study by (Shafer et al. /1997) (*2) has shown that arginine also improves sperm morphology, exploring a direct correlation between the percentage of morphologically normal sperm and progressive motility. Even in normally fertile dogs with normal spermiograms, arginine can have benefits in increasing sperm motility. This finding may be useful, for example, in subjects whose ejaculates are to be preserved by refrigeration or freezing.

Taurine
occurs as a free substance in animal tissues. Meat, poultry, fish, and crustaceans are particularly rich in it, while it is completely absent from plants. Taurine, methionine, and cysteine can be synthesized in most mammals, but not in cats. Furthermore, cats are very sensitive to dietary deficiencies, as their needs are much higher than those of other animals. Therefore, a taurine-rich diet is particularly important for cats. Regarding reproductive function, a study at Cornell University showed that laboratory mice fed a taurine-free diet had a high probability of being infertile, as their sperm exhibited significant alterations, particularly in the tail. These alterations disappeared after the addition of taurine to the diet.

TRACE ELEMENTS
Trace elements are essential for animal nutrition. An important aspect is that, unlike other nutrients, they cannot be synthesized by the animal. Therefore, trace elements must be fed in sufficient quantities to meet the animal's needs. They protect the animal through their components in cooperation with numerous enzymes and play an important role in regulating animal metabolism. Furthermore, some of them act as enzyme activators and are involved in the production of hormones and vitamins.

Selenium
is a mineral with antioxidant properties. This effect is due to its ability to interfere with the composition of glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction reaction of glutathione, a powerful endogenous antioxidant. Selenium deficiency can be associated with a deficiency of vitamin E, another molecule with antioxidant properties.

Zinc
is a mineral found primarily in hair/fur, feathers, bones, and teeth. It is largely absorbed and distributed in the intestinal tract. However, large amounts of calcium inhibit its utilization. It is involved in the activity of carbonic anhydrase, which is involved in gas exchange between tissues. Zinc is also involved in the mechanism responsible for bone calcification, as well as in the activities of phosphatases, pancreatic amylase, and insulin synthesis. Zinc is therefore essential for growth, keratinization of skin and hair, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, and the normal functioning of the testes and seminiferous tubules. Semen contains high levels of zinc, which is necessary for the synthesis of the sperm membrane and tail. Inadequate dietary intake of this mineral could therefore impair normal sperm maturation and potentially lead to a lack of strength and motility. Furthermore, testosterone levels can also be affected by a zinc deficiency, as this mineral is also involved in the synthesis of these hormones. Zinc plays a fundamental role in the regulation of hormones in the female reproductive system and is essential for the synthesis of estrogens and progesterone.

VITAMINS
Vitamins are bioregulators and are of great importance because, along with other molecules, they are involved in all physiological processes, both directly and indirectly through enzyme mechanisms. Based on their solubility, they are divided into fat-soluble (dissolving in fats) and water-soluble (dissolving in water). Vitamins do not accumulate in the body, so it is important to consume them daily through food. All vitamins perform specific functions, and a deficiency can lead to fatigue or functional impairment.

VITAMIN A (retinol)
is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a very important role in vision, bone growth, and the maintenance of normal immune system functions. Vitamin A is found primarily in foods of animal origin such as liver, spleen, milk and their derivatives, and eggs. It is also found in fish and plant sources. Vitamin A is also involved in the protection of epithelia and is therefore important for vision, as it is a component of retinal rhodopsin. Another function of this vitamin is epithelial protection—a beneficial activity, especially in the mucus-secreting tissues of the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital systems. Most importantly, vitamin A has a significant impact on reproduction.

VITAMIN E
Vitamin E (fat-soluble), also called alpha-tocopherol (from the Greek: "bringing children"), also called the fertility vitamin. Its function is antioxidant, meaning it has a scavenging effect against free radicals and various heavy metals such as lead and mercury. It is very abundant in the plant world, particularly in the germ of cereals and related oils, as well as in the green parts of all plants. Vitamin E is present in small doses in animal tissues, with the exception of the placenta and pituitary gland, which are particularly rich in vitamin E. It fulfills important functions in reproduction, in both male and female animals. This effect is not directly due to a biological mechanism carried out by the vitamin. Its basic function in the living animal cell is as a physiological antioxidant "par excellence", protecting vitamin A and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation and other harmful processes that would otherwise occur spontaneously. Adequate vitamin E intake is a preventative measure against early abortions and certain forms of infertility. This vitamin is also involved in synthesis and metabolism. It possesses surface-active properties and is essential for the formation of many enzymes and coenzymes, as well as for the synthesis of ascorbic acid and nucleic acids. It is also able to increase the body's tolerance to toxic substances. Deficiency symptoms may manifest in the genital area. However, these can also be due to a selenium deficiency or the presence of excessive amounts of fat.

FOLIC ACID
Folic acid is involved in the synthesis of certain amino acids such as methionine/homocysteine and glutamic acid and contributes to normal hematopoiesis, or the normal process of blood cell formation. Folic acid is also very important for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

HERBAL INGREDIENTS
In the past, all herbs and plants (annual or perennial trees or shrubs) used in pharmacists' workshops were called "official remedies." Today, herbs and medicinal plants are used to maintain the well-being of humans and animals. They can be used as such in the kitchen as spices, for example, in the preparation of herbal teas, or, using specific processes, to produce food supplements, veterinary products, cosmetics, and other products. For each medicinal plant, the part used (leaves, flowers, seeds, bark, roots, etc.) is called the "drug." The medicine contains the phytocomplex, that is, the set of active ingredients that characterize the plant's properties and cannot be reproduced by chemical synthesis. The synergistic action of the active ingredients of the phytocomplex ensures the plant a range of contemporary effects.

Spirulina algae
is very rich in vitamins, minerals, and proteins. It is also known for its antioxidant properties. Scientifically known as Arthrospira, this species of algae lives primarily in subtropical freshwater bodies. It is blue-green in color, and its typical spiral shape gives the algae its name. It is considered one of the most complete foods in the world because it contains all essential amino acids, is 60% protein, and has a high concentration of beta-carotene, vitamin B12, iron, and minerals, in addition to the rare essential fatty acid GLA (gamma-linolenic acid). Spirulina therefore has a unique phytonutrient content. These phytonutrients, due to their rich antioxidant content, can exert a positive function on the immune system, promote cellular health, and promote a detoxifying effect thanks to the chlorophyll they contain. Spirulina algae are known for their chelating function, which “retains” heavy metals and promotes their excretion without them being able to perform their harmful functions.

TURMERIC
Curcuma longa is also known as Indian saffron. Its rhizome contains active ingredients called curcuminoids, of which curcumin is the most active. The presence of minerals and vitamins in turmeric makes it a powerful antioxidant that combats free radicals.

CINNAMON
Cinnamon has had a wide range of uses since ancient times and was considered a highly valuable spice. The typical aroma and flavor of cinnamon are derived from an aldehyde contained in the essential oil, which can be obtained by macerating the cinnamon bark. The most valuable spice is obtained from Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Another well-known and widely used variety, however, is cinnamon from Cinnamomum cassia. In many cases, the commercially available spice is the latter variety or a mixture of different qualities. Cinnamon essential oil contains approximately 70% cinnamaldehyde (cinnamaldehyde). In recent years, the functions of cinnamaldehyde have been studied in more detail, particularly in relation to reproduction. Finally, cinnamon is considered a powerful natural antioxidant, stimulates circulation, and contributes to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels.

MELON
The melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a plant in the Cucurbitaceae family. Its origin is disputed, but literature points to southern and eastern Africa. Today, however, it is cultivated throughout the world. This plant utilizes its juicy fruit, known for its nutritional and health-promoting properties. Fruits vary in size, shape, and skin and are rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, and vitamin E. The pulp is believed to have various health-promoting properties, including antioxidant activity, a diuretic effect, and kidney protection. These effects are closely related to the presence of vitamin E and the high concentration of SOD (superoxide dismutase), an enzyme from the oxidoreductase class capable of neutralizing the superoxide anion, thereby exerting an antioxidant effect.

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A notice:

FertiAdapt® is a dietary supplement for dogs and cats.

Composition:

L-Arginine, L-Carnitine Tartrate, Taurine, Folic Acid, Zinc, Selenium, Vitamin E, Vitamin A UI, Turmeric Extract, Cinnamon Powder, Spirulina Algae, Hydrolyzed Animal Proteins, Freeze-Dried Melon Juice and Melon Pulp.

Average content per tablet of 1.5g:

L-Arginine 612.5 mg, L-Carnitine Tartrate 17.5 mg, Taurine 3.6 mg, Folic Acid 5 mg, Zinc 22.5 mg, Selenium 32.5 μg, Vitamin E 20.4 IU, Vitamin A 287.5 IU, Turmeric Extract 22.5 mg, Cinnamon Powder 11 mg, Spirulina Algae 50 mg, Hydrolyzed Animal Proteins 110 mg, Freeze-Dried Melon Juice and Melon Pulp 10 mg.

Feeding instructions:

The tablets can be given directly into the mouth or mixed into the daily food ration.

Dosage per day and animal:

• Dogs & cats up to 5 kg body weight: 1/4 tablet
• Dogs & cats from 5 to 15 kg body weight: 1/2 tablet
• Dogs from 15 to 35 kg body weight: 3/4 tablets
• Dogs over 35 kg body weight: 1 tablet

Recommended duration of use:

Bitches / cats: from the last stage of pregnancy until confirmation of the next pregnancy.

Males / tomcats: during the period of reproductive activity.

Expert tips:

We recommend administering FertiAdapt® to bitches 2-3 months before the expected heat and mating. This ensures a better heat, greater willingness to mate, more follicles, and increased fertility.

In male dogs, administration before the planned mating increases willingness to mate, improves sperm quality and promotes healthy, reproductive sperm.

In case of progesterone deficiency, this should be compensated, as FertiAdapt® cannot compensate for this deficiency.

FertiAdapt® pack size:

60 divisible tablets of 1.5 g each

Supplementary feed for dogs and cats

Storage:

Store in a cool and dry place.

The expiration date refers to the unopened and properly stored product.

Warnings:

Keep out of reach of children. For animal use only.

It is recommended to consult your veterinarian before using FertiAdapt®.