Ingredients and their effects:

PREBIOTICS
The prebiotic fiber triumvirate are:

• FRUIT OLIGOSACCHARIDES (FOS)
• INULIN
• MANNAN OLIGOSACCHARIDES (MOS) from brewer's yeast

FOS, MOS and INULIN are dietary fibers, i.e. indigestible carbohydrates, of undisputed importance in human and animal nutrition.

From a chemical point of view, FOS and inulin are fructans (carbohydrates consisting of the repetition of fructose units) with a short chain (FOS) and a slightly longer chain (INULINA), which are particularly common in foods such as chicory and Jerusalem artichoke.

MOS are always dietary fiber, but consist of mannose repeats and originate mainly from the walls of yeast.

All three have a prebiotic effect, meaning they can provide health benefits by modulating the intestinal microbiota (FAO), the group of millions of microorganisms characteristic of the intestinal tract of various mammals. These microorganisms exert a beneficial and vital effect on the health of the host (Suchodolski, 2011).

Several studies repeatedly point to a symbiosis between maintaining health and maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota.
How does prebiotic fiber positively affect the microbiota?
Humans and mammals, including dogs and cats, lack all the enzymes necessary to break down plant fiber (such as fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin) in their intestinal tract (Flint HJ, 2012). Therefore, once ingested and reaching the small intestine, it is no longer digestible. It is fermented by the bacteria of the large intestinal microbiota, exerting a positive effect on the abundance of specific groups of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium). This action leads to positive effects on multiple functions, such as intestinal motility, cell integrity, and microbial biochemical networks (Scott KP, 2015).

Several studies have shown that incorporating fructo-oligosaccharides into a dog's diet leads to improved digestion of various minerals and an increase in bifidobacteria, one of the beneficial microorganisms that colonize both the human and canine intestines and play a key role, including in modulating the immune system and digestive functions (Carlo Pinna1, 2018).

However, the prebiotic mechanism of action of MOS appears to be different. Various studies have highlighted its ability to selectively bind to receptors in the intestinal wall, rendering it inaccessible to pathogenic bacteria and stimulating the growth of "good" bacteria.

Carob Flour
The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an evergreen tree in the legume family that grows in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Mediterranean basin. Despite its high sugar content, the carob pod is rich in insoluble fiber and micronutrients, including phenolic compounds, inositols (mainly D-pinitol), and vitamins. (Aristea Gioxari 1, 2022).

YANG® YEAST MIXTURE
This is a mixture of inactivated yeasts, specifically Saccharomyces cerevisiae (commonly known as brewer's yeast) and Cyberlindnera jadinii.
Yeasts are single-celled eukaryotic organisms that belong to the fungi kingdom.
Brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), in particular, is widely used in animal nutrition due to its nutritional value, as it is rich in valuable macronutrients such as protein, but also trace elements such as selenium and chromium, B vitamins, and many other health-promoting substances.
The positive effects are primarily due to the richness of these nutrients.
Cyberlindnera jadinii is also a yeast that is widely used due to its nutritional value, as it is also rich in protein and vitamins.

PETMOD® – NUCLEOTIDES FROM BREWER’S YEAST
Nucleotides are the repeating units that make up nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

They consist of 3 components: a nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine), a sugar with 5 carbon atoms, which together with the nitrogenous base forms the nucleoside, and one or more phosphate groups.

Some studies on fish have shown that dietary nucleotides have beneficial effects at the intestinal level, promoting growth and development.
For this reason, the demand for the use of nucleotides in pet food is growing, with the goal of promoting normal immune function and intestinal health in companion animals as well. (Natalia Russo1, Nucleotide inclusion in pet food: effect of heat treatment, 2019)

BANANA FLOUR
Bananas are a very popular fruit on the global market and are consumed as a staple food in many countries. They are eaten raw or processed and also serve as a functional ingredient in various foods. Bananas contain several bioactive compounds such as phenols, carotenoids, biogenic amines, and phytosterols, which have numerous beneficial effects on health and well-being. Many of these compounds exert antioxidant activity by protecting the body from oxidative stress (Balwinder Singh a, 2015).
Some studies have shown that, in addition to their antioxidant effects, the polyphenolic component, especially flavonoids, also plays a beneficial role at the gastric level.

PROBIOTICA
ENTEROCOCUS FAECIUM DSM 10663/NCIMB 10415 (35 x 10^9 CFU/g)
What are probiotics?
In the feed sector, they are so-called zootechnical additives for stabilizing the intestinal flora. These are microorganisms that, when administered to animals, have a positive effect on their intestinal flora. (Europeo, 2003) They are able to colonize the host animal's intestine and exert a beneficial effect.

Adhesion of the probiotic microorganism to the host intestinal mucosa is considered a crucial step for colonization and further interaction with the host epithelium and its immune system (Mohsen Hanifeh, 2021). Indeed, both pathogenic and commensal microorganisms express various adhesin molecules on their surface, which allows them to bind to various surfaces in the host. Therefore, when selecting microorganism strains with probiotic activity, they must be characterized by a high ability to adhere to the intestine.

Some studies have shown that this ability is related to host specificity. For effective use as a probiotic, the bacterial species should therefore originate from the host's gut. The Enterococcus faecium (DSM 10663/NCIMB 10415) used in LactoAdapt® exhibits this property.

Probiotics can improve mucosal health through several mechanisms, including the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These are antimicrobial substances (a modulator of the immune response) that promote the competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria through their adhesion to the intestinal mucosa, improving epithelial barrier functions.

INACTIVE BACTERIA,

• LACTOBACILLUS HELVETICUS (HA 122 /ex ACIDOPHILUS HA122)
• LACTOBACILLUS PARACASEI (HA108)
• BIFIDOBACTERIUM BIFIDUM:

The inactivated microorganisms of these bacteria undergo a special thermal treatment that "inactivates" them (also called "tyndallization"), rendering them unable to metabolize and reproduce. Their activity is therefore not based on the ability to produce new progeny and thus colonize the intestine, but rather on forming a "base" on which a suitable substrate for the recolonization of the symbiotic flora is recreated at the intestinal level.

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Note :
LactoAdapt® is a dietary supplement for dogs and cats.

Composition :
FOS (fructo-oligosaccharides), inulin, MOS (mannan-oligosaccharides), locust bean flour, inactivated yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cyberlindnera jadinii), yeast products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, banana flour, inactivated bacteria and parts thereof (Lactobacillus helveticus (HA 122) 10 mg, Lactobacillu paracasei (HA 108), Bifidobacterium bifidum SGB02) Enterococcus faecium (DSM 10663/ NCIMB 10415).

Average content per 1 g tablet:

FOS (fructo-oligosaccharides) 50 mg, inulin 50 mg, MOS (mannan-oligosaccharides) 75 mg, locust bean flour 25 mg, inactivated yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cyberlindnera jadinii) 250 mg, yeast products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5 mg, banana flour 75 mg, inactivated bacteria and parts thereof (Lactobacillus helveticus (HA 122) 10 mg, Lactobacillu paracasei (HA 108) 10 mg, Bifidobacterium bifidum SGB02 2.5 mg), Enterococcus faecium (DSM 10663/ NCIMB 10415) 35 x 106 UFC.

Feeding instructions:

The tablets can be added to the daily feed ration or administered directly orally into the animal’s mouth

Dosage per day and animal (for dogs & cats):

• Dogs/cats up to 10 kg body weight: 1 tablet
• Dogs/cats from 10 to 20 kg body weight: 2 tablets
• Dogs from 20 to 30 kg body weight: 3 tablets
• Dogs over 30 kg body weight: 4 tablets

Expert tips:

We recommend feeding LactoAdapt® without interruption until an improvement is seen and for a few days thereafter.

If the dog reacts with diarrhea, which can happen in isolated cases, stop administering LactoAdapt® for 1-2 days and then start administering LactoAdapt® again.

LactoAdapt® pack size:

• 15 tablets of 1 g each
• 60 tablets of 1 g each

Supplementary feed for dogs and cats to maintain a regular intestinal bacterial flora.

Storage :

Store in a cool and dry place.

The expiration date refers to the unopened and properly stored product.

Warning:

Keep out of reach of children. For animal use only.